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Added conorograph simulation to "Planets by the thousands" > "Exoplanets"
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Roman Science
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Planets by the Thousands
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Solar System
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Rogue planets are free-floating planets that do not orbit a star and instead travel through space. Scientists think they are outcasts from developing planetary systems and may be very numerous throught the galaxy. This illustration shows a rogue planet traveling through space.
HR 8799 is a system that harbors four super-Jupiters orbiting with periods that range from decades to centuries. This footage consists of 7 images of HR 8799 taken with the Keck Telescope over 7 years.
Jason Wang (Caltech)/Christian Marois (NRC Herzberg)
This animation shows how a planet can disappear in a star’s bright light, and how a coronagraph, such as the one that will be used on Roman, can reveal it.
This Roman simulated image is 1/140th a Roman field of view. There are so many stars at the center of our galaxy that in other telescopes’ views they may blur together, but Roman will see them with high clarity, distinguishing stars in the center bulge from those in the surrounding disk. Tracking the precise positions and colors of individual stars over time will provide insight on the star-formation processes in the Milky Way bulge, bar, and disk.
This image of the Eagle Nebula showcases the superb resolution and wide field of view of NASA’s upcoming Nancy Grace Roman Space Telescope. In the center is Hubble's view of the Pillars of Creation - superimposed on a ground-based image. Roman’s Wide Field Instrument field of view is highlighted. Roman’s images will have the resolution of Hubble while covering an area about 100 times larger in a single pointing.
The wide field image for the Eagle nebula is a combination between an image taken by NSF’s 0.9-meter telescope at Kitt Peak National Observatory (Credit: T.A.Rector (NRAO/AUI/NSF and NOIRLab/NSF/AURA) and B.A.Wolpa (NOIRLab/NSF/AURA)) and an image by amateur astronomer Liam Murphy.
This image of the Eagle Nebula showcases the superb resolution and wide field of view of NASA’s upcoming Nancy Grace Roman Space Telescope. In the center is Hubble's view of the Pillars of Creation - superimposed on a ground-based image. Roman’s Wide Field Instrument field of view is highlighted. Roman’s images will have the resolution of Hubble while covering an area about 100 times larger in a single pointing. This version has labels.
The wide field image for the Eagle nebula is a combination between an image taken by NSF’s 0.9-meter telescope at Kitt Peak National Observatory (Credit: T.A.Rector (NRAO/AUI/NSF and NOIRLab/NSF/AURA) and B.A.Wolpa (NOIRLab/NSF/AURA)) and an image by amateur astronomer Liam Murphy.
This video of the Eagle Nebula showcases the superb resolution and wide field of view of NASA’s upcoming Nancy Grace Roman Space Telescope. It begins with a Hubble image of the famous Pillars of Creation superimposed on a ground-based image. The view then zooms out to show the full field of view of Roman’s Wide Field Instrument. Roman’s images will have the resolution of Hubble while covering an area about 100 times larger in a single pointing.
The wide field image for the Eagle nebula is a combination between an image taken by NSF’s 0.9-meter telescope at Kitt Peak National Observatory (Credit: T.A.Rector (NRAO/AUI/NSF and NOIRLab/NSF/AURA) and B.A.Wolpa (NOIRLab/NSF/AURA)) and an image by amateur astronomer Liam Murphy.
This video of the Eagle Nebula showcases the superb resolution and wide field of view of NASA’s upcoming Nancy Grace Roman Space Telescope. It begins with a Hubble image of the famous Pillars of Creation superimposed on a ground-based image. The view then zooms out to show the full field of view of Roman’s Wide Field Instrument. Roman’s images will have the resolution of Hubble while covering an area about 100 times larger in a single pointing. This version has labels.
The wide field image for the Eagle nebula is a combination between an image taken by NSF’s 0.9-meter telescope at Kitt Peak National Observatory (Credit: T.A.Rector (NRAO/AUI/NSF and NOIRLab/NSF/AURA) and B.A.Wolpa (NOIRLab/NSF/AURA)) and an image by amateur astronomer Liam Murphy.
This simulated image of a portion of the Andromeda galaxy highlights the high resolution, large field of view, and unique footprint of NASA’s upcoming Nancy Grace Roman Space Telescope.
NASA,STScI, and B.F. Williams (University of Washington)
Details of a simulated image of the Andromeda galaxy highlight the high resolution of Roman imagery. Unlike a typical wide field camera, which can cover a large area of sky but cannot reveal fine details, Roman will provide both a large field of view and high resolution. The details shown here each cover about 0.0013 square degrees of sky, the equivalent to a single infrared image from Hubble’s WFC3 camera. The pixel scale is 0.11 arcseconds/pixel.
NASA,STScI, and B. F. Williams (University of Washington)
Details of a simulated image of the Andromeda galaxy highlight the high resolution of Roman imagery. Unlike a typical wide field camera, which can cover a large area of sky but cannot reveal fine details, Roman will provide both a large field of view and high resolution. The details shown here each cover about 0.0013 square degrees of sky, the equivalent to a single infrared image from Hubble’s WFC3 camera. The pixel scale is 0.11 arcseconds/pixel. This version has additional labels.
NASA,STScI, and B. F. Williams (University of Washington)
A composite figure of the Andromeda galaxy (M31) highlights the extremely large field of view of NASA’s upcoming Nancy Grace Roman Space Telescope. This version has additional labels.
Background image: Digitized Sky Survey and R. Gendler
Moon image:NASA, GSFC, and Arizona State University
Roman simulation images :NASA,STScI, and B. F. Williams (University of Washington)
A composite figure of the Andromeda galaxy (M31) highlights the extremely large field of view of NASA’s upcoming Nancy Grace Roman Space Telescope. Inside the Roman footprint is simulated Roman data, which you can see more clearly in the three pull-outs - each one being a Hubble field-of-view.
In addition to the resolved stars in Andromeda, the insets reveal:
The top inset: star cluster and background galaxy
Middle inset: dust cloud
Bottom inset: young star cluster
Background image: Digitized Sky Survey and R. Gendler
Roman simulation images:NASA,STScI, and B. F. Williams (University of Washington)
NASA’s Nancy Grace Roman Space Telescope, will capture the equivalent of 100 high-resolution Hubble images in a single shot, imaging large areas of the sky 1,000 times faster than Hubble. In several months, the Roman Space Telescope could survey as much of the sky in near-infrared light—in just as much detail—as Hubble has over its entire three decades.
Although Roman has not yet opened its wide, keen eyes on the universe, astronomers are already running simulations to demonstrate what it will be able to see and plan their observations.
This simulated image of a portion of our neighboring galaxy Andromeda (M31) provides a preview of the vast expanse and fine detail that can be covered with just a single pointing of the Roman Space Telescope. Using information gleaned from hundreds of Hubble observations, the simulated image covers a swath roughly 34,000 light-years across, showcasing the red and infrared light of more than 50 million individual stars detectable with Roman.
Watch the video to learn more about the Roman Space Telescope's simulated image.
NASA's Goddard Space Flight Center
Music: "Flight Impressions" from Universal Production Music
The Carina Nebula is an example of a star-forming region with many stages of the stellar lifecycle captured by Hubble. There is no guarantee that Roman will be studying this same area.
This is the clean version of the image.
Background image: Nathan Smith, University of Minnesota/NOIRLab/NOAO/AURA/NSFHubble
Mosaic: Hubble Image: NASA, ESA, N. Smith (University of California, Berkeley), and The Hubble Heritage Team (STScI/AURA); CTIO Image: N. Smith (University of California, Berkeley) and NOAO/AURA/NSF
Mystic Mt.: NASA, ESA, and M. Livio and the Hubble 20th Anniversary Team (STScI)
Eta Carina: NASA, ESA, N. Smith (University of Arizona), and J. Morse (BoldlyGo Institute)
Trumpler 14: NASA, ESA, and J. Maíz Apellániz (Institute of Astrophysics of Andalusia, Spain); Acknowledgment: N. Smith (University of Arizona)
The Carina Nebula is an example of a star-forming region with many stages of the stellar lifecycle captured by Hubble. There is no guarantee that Roman will be studying this same area.
This is the annotated version of the image.
Background image: Nathan Smith, University of Minnesota/NOIRLab/NOAO/AURA/NSFHubble
Mosaic: Hubble Image: NASA, ESA, N. Smith (University of California, Berkeley), and The Hubble Heritage Team (STScI/AURA); CTIO Image: N. Smith (University of California, Berkeley) and NOAO/AURA/NSF
Mystic Mt.: NASA, ESA, and M. Livio and the Hubble 20th Anniversary Team (STScI)
Eta Carina: NASA, ESA, N. Smith (University of Arizona), and J. Morse (BoldlyGo Institute)
Trumpler 14: NASA, ESA, and J. Maíz Apellániz (Institute of Astrophysics of Andalusia, Spain); Acknowledgment: N. Smith (University of Arizona)
The Carina Nebula is an example of a star-forming region with many stages of the stellar lifecycle captured by Hubble. There is no guarantee that Roman will be studying this same area.
This is the full annotated version of the image, including title and Hubble instruments used in the pull-out Hubble images.
Background image: Nathan Smith, University of Minnesota/NOIRLab/NOAO/AURA/NSFHubble
Mosaic: Hubble Image: NASA, ESA, N. Smith (University of California, Berkeley), and The Hubble Heritage Team (STScI/AURA); CTIO Image: N. Smith (University of California, Berkeley) and NOAO/AURA/NSF
Mystic Mt.: NASA, ESA, and M. Livio and the Hubble 20th Anniversary Team (STScI)
Eta Carina: NASA, ESA, N. Smith (University of Arizona), and J. Morse (BoldlyGo Institute)
Trumpler 14: NASA, ESA, and J. Maíz Apellániz (Institute of Astrophysics of Andalusia, Spain); Acknowledgment: N. Smith (University of Arizona)
This image of galaxy cluster Abell 426 showcases the superb resolution and wide field of view of NASA’s upcoming Nancy Grace Roman Space Telescope. It highlights Hubble's view of the galaxy NGC 1275 superimposed on a ground-based image. Roman’s Wide Field Instrument field of view is highlighted. Roman’s images will have the resolution of Hubble while covering an area about 100 times larger in a single pointing.
The wide field image for Abell 426 is composed of a combination of theDigitized Sky Survey and an image by Petri Kehusmaa.
This image of galaxy cluster Abell 426 showcases the superb resolution and wide field of view of NASA’s upcoming Nancy Grace Roman Space Telescope. It highlights Hubble's view of the galaxy NGC 1275 superimposed on a ground-based image. Roman’s Wide Field Instrument field of view is highlighted. Roman’s images will have the resolution of Hubble while covering an area about 100 times larger in a single pointing. This version has labels.
The wide field image for Abell 426 is composed of a combination of theDigitized Sky Survey and an image by Petri Kehusmaa.
This video of galaxy cluster Abell 426 showcases the superb resolution and wide field of view of NASA’s upcoming Nancy Grace Roman Space Telescope. It begins with a Hubble image of the galaxy NGC 1275 superimposed on a ground-based image. The view then zooms out to show the full field of view of Roman’s Wide Field Instrument. Roman’s images will have the resolution of Hubble while covering an area about 100 times larger in a single pointing.
The wide field image for Abell 426 is composed of a combination of theDigitized Sky Survey and an image by Petri Kehusmaa.
This video of galaxy cluster Abell 426 showcases the superb resolution and wide field of view of NASA’s upcoming Nancy Grace Roman Space Telescope. It begins with a Hubble image of the galaxy NGC 1275 superimposed on a ground-based image. The view then zooms out to show the full field of view of Roman’s Wide Field Instrument. Roman’s images will have the resolution of Hubble while covering an area about 100 times larger in a single pointing. This version has labels.
The wide field image for Abell 426 is composed of a combination of theDigitized Sky Survey and an image by Petri Kehusmaa.
Roman will find a diversity of galaxies at different stages of their evolution—galaxies in small groups and in large clusters, merging galaxies, and newborn galaxies.
By capturing both volume and detail, Roman will greatly advance knowledge about galaxies and their variety of forms, and also their evolution over the history of the universe.
This image showcases separate Hubble observations of select galaxies in the Coma Cluster, within a single Roman field of view.
This version has basic annotations.
Background Image: Digitized Sky Survey
Galaxy Images: NASA, ESA, M. Sun (University of Alabama), W. Cramer and J. Kenney (Yale University), J. Mack (STScI), and J. Madrid (Australian Telescope National Facility) and Hubble Heritage Team (STScI/AURA).
Roman will find a diversity of galaxies at different stages of their evolution—galaxies in small groups and in large clusters, merging galaxies, and newborn galaxies.
By capturing both volume and detail, Roman will greatly advance knowledge about galaxies and their variety of forms, and also their evolution over the history of the universe.
This image showcases separate Hubble observations of select galaxies in the Coma Cluster, within a single Roman field of view.
This version has additional annotations.
Background Image: Digitized Sky Survey
Galaxy Images: NASA, ESA, M. Sun (University of Alabama), W. Cramer and J. Kenney (Yale University), J. Mack (STScI), and J. Madrid (Australian Telescope National Facility) and Hubble Heritage Team (STScI/AURA).
This image showcases UGC 2885 (Rubin's Galaxy), with Hubble's view in inset and the Roman field of view. Roman will be able to capture the entire halo of galaxies like Rubin in a single pointing, which is about 100 times larger than a Hubble pointing.
Hubble's View of Rubin's Galaxy: NASA,ESA, and B. Holwerda (University of Louisville)
This image showcases UGC 2885 (Rubin's Galaxy), with Hubble's view in inset and the Roman field of view. Roman will be able to capture the entire halo of galaxies like Rubin in a single pointing, which is about 100 times larger than a Hubble pointing.
In this version, an estimate of the extent of the halo of Rubin's Galaxy is shown.
Hubble's View of Rubin's Galaxy: NASA,ESA, and B. Holwerda (University of Louisville)
This composite image illustrates the possibility of a Roman Space Telescope “ultra deep field” observation. In a deep field, astronomers collect light from a patch of sky for an extended period of time to reveal the faintest and most distant objects. This view centers on the Hubble Ultra Deep Field (outlined in blue), which represents the deepest portrait of the universe ever achieved by humankind, at visible, ultraviolet and near-infrared wavelengths. Two insets reveal stunning details of the galaxies within the field.
Beyond the Hubble Ultra Deep Field, additional observations obtained over the past two decades have filled in the surrounding space. These wider Hubble observations reveal over 265,000 galaxies, but are much shallower than the Hubble Ultra Deep field in terms of the most distant galaxies observed.
These Hubble images are overlaid on an even wider view using ground-based data from the Digitized Sky Survey. An orange outline shows the field of view of NASA’s upcoming Nancy Grace Roman Space Telescope. Roman’s 18 detectors will be able to observe an area of sky at least 100 times larger than the Hubble Ultra Deep Field at one time, with the same crisp sharpness as Hubble.
This composite annotated image illustrates the possibility of a Roman Space Telescope “ultra deep field” observation. In a deep field, astronomers collect light from a patch of sky for an extended period of time to reveal the faintest and most distant objects. This view centers on the Hubble Ultra Deep Field (outlined in blue), which represents the deepest portrait of the universe ever achieved by humankind, at visible, ultraviolet and near-infrared wavelengths. Two insets reveal stunning details of the galaxies within the field.
Beyond the Hubble Ultra Deep Field, additional observations obtained over the past two decades have filled in the surrounding space. These wider Hubble observations reveal over 265,000 galaxies, but are much shallower than the Hubble Ultra Deep field in terms of the most distant galaxies observed.
These Hubble images are overlaid on an even wider view using ground-based data from the Digitized Sky Survey. An orange outline shows the field of view of NASA’s upcoming Nancy Grace Roman Space Telescope. Roman’s 18 detectors will be able to observe an area of sky at least 100 times larger than the Hubble Ultra Deep Field at one time, with the same crisp sharpness as Hubble.
This zoom-out animation begins with a view of the Hubble Ultra Deep Field (outlined in blue), which represents the deepest portrait of the universe ever achieved by humankind, at visible, ultraviolet and near-infrared wavelengths. The view then expands to show a wider Hubble survey of that area of sky (white outline), which captured about 265,000 galaxies in a large mosaic. Expanding further, we see the Hubble data overlaid on a ground-based view using data from the Digitized Sky Survey.
An orange outline shows the field of view of NASA’s upcoming Nancy Grace Roman Space Telescope. Roman’s 18 detectors will be able to observe an area of sky at least 100 times larger than the Hubble Ultra Deep Field at one time, with the same crisp sharpness as Hubble.
This zoom-out annotated animation begins with a view of the Hubble Ultra Deep Field (outlined in blue), which represents the deepest portrait of the universe ever achieved by humankind, at visible, ultraviolet and near-infrared wavelengths. The view then expands to show a wider Hubble survey of that area of sky (white outline), which captured about 265,000 galaxies in a large mosaic. Expanding further, we see the Hubble data overlaid on a ground-based view using data from the Digitized Sky Survey.
An orange outline shows the field of view of NASA’s upcoming Nancy Grace Roman Space Telescope. Roman’s 18 detectors will be able to observe an area of sky at least 100 times larger than the Hubble Ultra Deep Field at one time, with the same crisp sharpness as Hubble.
(2011) Astronomers have pushed NASA's Hubble Space Telescope to its limits by finding what they believe is the most distant object ever seen in the universe. Its light traveled 13.2 billion years to reach Hubble, roughly 150 million years longer than the previous record holder. The age of the universe is 13.7 billion years.
Science:NASA,ESA, G. Illingworth (University of California, Santa Cruz), R. Bouwens (University of California, Santa Cruz, and Leiden University), and the HUDF09 Team
Visualization of simulated Roman emission-line galaxy distribution data used to measure BAO and RSD. The wedge shown covers an RA sweep of 45° with a DEC thickness of 1°, and includes more than 215,000 galaxies.
Data provided by Z. Zhai and Y. Wang, Caltech/IPAC, and A. Benson, Carnegie Observatories
Visualization of simulated Roman emission-line galaxy distribution data used to measure BAO and RSD. The wedge shown covers an RA sweep of 45° with a DEC thickness of 1°, and includes more than 215,000 galaxies of a much larger 5-million galaxy simulated galaxy catalog.
This version developed for experts in cosmology.
Data provided by Z. Zhai and Y. Wang, Caltech/IPAC, and A. Benson, Carnegie Observatories
Data Visualization: J. DePasquale and D. Player, STScI.
Visualization of simulated Roman emission-line galaxy distribution data used to measure BAO and RSD. The wedge shown covers an RA sweep of 45° with a DEC thickness of 1°, and includes more than 215,000 galaxies of a much larger 5-million galaxy simulated galaxy catalog.
This version developed for those not experts in cosmology.
Data provided by Z. Zhai and Y. Wang, Caltech/IPAC, and A. Benson, Carnegie Observatories
Data Visualization: J. DePasquale and D. Player, STScI.
This animation explains how BAOs arose in the early universe and how astronomers can study the faint imprint they made on galaxy distribution to probe dark energy’s effects over time. In the beginning, the cosmos was filled with a hot, dense fluid called plasma. Tiny variations in density excited sound waves that rippled through the fluid. When the universe was about 400,000 years old, the waves froze where they were. Slightly more galaxies formed along the ripples. These frozen ripples stretched as the universe expanded, increasing the distance between galaxies. Astronomers can study this preferred distance between galaxies in different cosmic ages to understand the expansion history of the universe.
NASA's Goddard Space Flight Center
Music: "Pulse and Glow" from Adrift in Time. Written and Produced byLars Leonhard.
Shorter, unnarrated version of the animation above.
This animation explains how BAOs arose in the early universe and how astronomers can study the faint imprint they made on galaxy distribution to probe dark energy’s effects over time. In the beginning, the cosmos was filled with a hot, dense fluid called plasma. Tiny variations in density excited sound waves that rippled through the fluid. When the universe was about 400,000 years old, the waves froze where they were. Slightly more galaxies formed along the ripples. These frozen ripples stretched as the universe expanded, increasing the distance between galaxies. Astronomers can study this preferred distance between galaxies in different cosmic ages to understand the expansion history of the universe.
The small peak near the center of the graph in this video shows how BAOs subtly influenced galaxy distribution. Today, there is a slight bump in the probability of finding galaxies about 500 million light-years away from each other. This distance shrinks as we look farther out into space, to earlier cosmic times.