We created tactile 3D representations of astronomical star clusters and their surroundings based on Hubble Space Telescope (HST) Observations. We developed an innovative process to transform 3D visualizations of HST astronomical data into solid 3D tactile patterned layers using data on star clusters. For example we used the scientific data for NGC 602 and Westerlund 2.Our ultimate goal is to produce 3D prints for objects in the universe so that anyone can experience and touch the cosmos at home, in school, in libraries and in museums. We also have produced several textures prints of galaxies from the HST LEGUS survey.

The 3D scientific data for an astronomical objects derived from observational data can be arranged into digital representations, each imprinted with touchable patterning then printed on a 3D printer. The textured layers and surfaces represent different components of complex star formation regions for star clusters (gas, dust, filamentary structure and stars) and for galaxies (star clusters, spiral arms, gas, dust, the bulge region and the central cusp often representing a supermassive black hole).

Where does the data originate?

The 3D scientific data for an astronomical objects is derived from Hubble observational data. It is arranged into digital textured layers and surfaces representing different components of complex star formation regions. The data is sliced as desired for different perspectives and can be fitted together as a stack, so that the user can explore the structure of the star cluster environment with their fingertips, slice-by-slice, analogous to a visual fly-through from near to far. Alternatively 3D models of the star formation regions can be constructed, textured and the printed pieces fitted together for exploration.

Major accomplishments

• Adopt NGC 602 star cluster in the Small Magellanic Cloud as the prototype object
• Graphically annotate HST imagery of NGC 602 to delineate individual features
• Determine distances and intensities for each feature in the complex structure
• Assign tactile textures to the individual features
• Produce small test pieces from the data with textures imposed on feature instensities 
• Test pieces at NSF National Convention
• Revise textures based on testing
• Create custom software to transform astronomical data into file formats appropriate for 3D printing
• Produce larger (approximately 8.5 x 11 inch) tactile prints
• Test and revise textures and methodology

Objectives

We are creating a custom innovative process to transform imagery of astronomical objects into 3D tactile printouts. The production pieces are aimed primarily at visually impaired individuals who do not usually have an opportunity to experience Hubble Space Telescope imagery. Secondarily the 3D printouts can be used by any individual especially those who appreciate tactile learning methods.

We strive to improve public understanding of astronomy and science in general contributing to Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics skills for youth and any interested individual.

Deliverables

• A process for transforming astronomical data to tactile 3D printout format
• Create a method for distributing 3d print files widely for any individual to print and use
• Augment the 3D prints with informative materials for better understanding of astronomy

Collaborations

• Star Formation at Your Fingertips, C. Christian, A. Nota, N. Grice, L. Bradley, J. Eisenhamer with contributions from E. Sabbi, N. Shaheen, R. Rao, L. Genth
• Galaxies at Your Fingertips, C. Christian, A. Nota, N. Grice, L. Bradley, J. Eisenhamer with contributions from A. Voelker, D. Calzetti and the LEGUS Science Team
• Career Exploration Lab, T. Madura (P.I.), C. Christian, D. Hurd, K. Silberman, W. Diaz-Merced and CEL local teams