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MAST Interfaces
There are several interfaces to search, select, analyze, and download data from MAST. As powerful as the Portal is, other interfaces may be more capable or efficient for a given purpose. This page provides a brief introduction to public interfaces to the diverse MAST holdings.
Generally, the anticipated workflow for other interfaces is much like a Portal search:
- Query for matches to selection criteria
- Select specific data products of interest within the search results
- Retrieve the selected data products
Mission-Specific Web Forms
A collection of web forms enables searches that can be constrained with mission-specific metadata. URLs for these forms follow one of the following pattern:
https://archive.stsci.edu/<mission>/search.php
where <mission> is one of: befs, euve, fuse, hpol, hst, hut, imaps, iue, swiftuvot, tues, uit, wuppe; or
https://archive.stsci.edu/<mission>/data_search/search.php
where <mission> is one of: k2, kepler. Here is the classic form for HST:
https://archive.stsci.edu/hst/search.php
Application Programming Interfaces
Many more experienced users find using a custom script and one of the MAST application programming interfaces (APIs) to be more efficient and flexible, particularly if they already have a clear idea of which data are of interest (e.g., new data from an active observing program). The best approach depends upon the particular data collection. Ultimately the APIs call one of the MAST web services to search for data and perform other tasks (this is also true for the Portal itself). See the document MAST Web Services for details and usage recommendations.
astroquery.mast
The python library astroquery is an excellent way to access many different astronomical archives; astroquery.mast offers features specific to MAST holdings. This library wraps much of the messy syntax of calling web services directly, URL encoding, etc. and returns results as astropy tables which facilitates other operations. This library has methods for querying, filtering, and downloading data, as well as the ability to access MAST data in the cloud.
Finally, astroquery.mast provides access to select MAST catalogs, including: HSC, GALEX, GAIA, TESS, and PanSTARRS.
HTTP Get Requests
Many mission-specific searches (in effect, the mission-specific web forms mentioned above but adding parameters) can be executed via HTTP Get Requests. The advantages over astroquery.mast are:
- The search can be crafted in a variety of languages, such as PHP or Unix shell scripts
- They offer a much richer set of search parameters than the current version of astroquery.mast
Such requests use the following pattern:
https://archive.stsci.edu/<collection>/search.php?action=Search<¶m=value>
where <collection> is a MAST-defined code for a data collection and <¶m=value> is a sequence of one or more parameters of the search, such as RA and Dec. The full set of possible parameters and values for each collection is given on the MAST Web Services page.
The query string must be URL encoded prior to being passed to the web service.
Virtual Observatory Searches
MAST collections may be searched with Virtual Observatory (VO) protocols, which look very similar to MAST mission searches.
VO Table Output
The output from a VO search is in VO Table format, which is based on XML.
Simple Cone Search
The base URL for a search within a given radius of a sky position is identical to the MAST mission searches, but adding a search radius parameter (SR=<value>), and without the action=Search parameter.
https://archive.stsci.edu/<collection>/search.php?SR=<val_rad>&RA=<val_ra>&DEC=<val_dec>
Simple Image Access Protocol
The base URL for a search of images from MAST missions and many HLSP collections (with a couple of exceptions) has the form:
https://archive.stsci.edu/siap/search.php?<param=value>
where parameters beyond the first must be separated with an ampersand (&) character.
Simple Spectral Access Protocol
The base URL for a search of spectra from selected MAST missions has the form:
https://archive.stsci.edu/ssap/search2.php?<param=value>
Catalog Search Tools
MAST CasJobs
The CasJobs interface features cross-matches, joins, and other SQL operations among several MAST catalogs, as well as personal (uploaded) catalogs. Results can be stored in a new table, and downloaded for local analysis.
A separate account is required to work in CasJobs.
General Catalog Access
API access to many catalogs hosted by MAST is described on the Catalog/Image Webservices page. The URL pattern is:
http://gsss.stsci.edu/webservices/vo/CatalogSearch.aspx?<param=value>
where <param=value> are specific parameters of the search, and the associated values. This provides access to the HLA, the Digital Sky Survey images, the Guide Star Catalog, and several others.
Catalogs.MAST
Custom search interfaces are available within individual select catalogs at Catalogs.MAST. These include: